Pump is the heart of the fluid transfer system, it can inhale the fluid, pressurize the fluid and then discharged from the pump outlet, the existence of the pump greatly improves the efficiency of our work.
Different types of pumps are used in different scenarios in work and life, so if this bothers you, try reading this article.
DYNAMIC PUMP TYPES
Dynamic pump is a kind of fluid conveying equipment that converts the mechanical energy of the motor into the kinetic energy of the fluid, which is usually rotated by the impeller, sucking the fluid into the pump, pushing the fluid through the impeller, so that the pressurized fluid is discharged from the outlet.
Dynamic pumps are characterized by high efficiency and adaptability and are generally used for high flow and medium to high pressure fluid transfer.
1. Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used dynamic pumps, centrifugal pumps mainly through the rotation of the impeller to produce centrifugal force to suction fluid, impeller high-speed rotation so that the fluid to increase the pressure, discharged from the outlet.
| Centrifugal Pumps Types | How it works | Features | Applications |
| Vertical Centrifugal Pumps | A vertical pump draws in fluid below the surface and transports it through pipes to the surface. | ● Small footprint ● Adjustable length ● Highly adaptable | ● Sewage ● Industrial wastewater ● Mine slurry |
| Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps | Centrifugal force is used to suck in the fluid and convert it into pressure. | ● Simple structure ● Low failure rate ● Easy to install and maintain | ● Irrigation ● Mine slurry ● Metallurgy ● Tunnel Boring ● Dredging |
| Submersible Pumps | A submersible pump draws fluid from the water and transports it to the surface through a pipe. | ● Works underwater ● No cavitation ● High efficiency | ● Municipal water ● Agricultural irrigation ● Dredging ● Mining |
2. Axial Flow Pump
How Axial Flow Pump Work?
The axial flow pump mainly conveys fluids by rotating the impeller (propeller-type impeller) inside the pump to generate pressure.
Fluid enters at the inlet of an axial flow pump and is discharged in the direction of the pump shaft, or almost horizontally with the pump shaft, so it becomes an axial flow pump.
| Overview | |
| Features | Axial flow pumps can convey large flow rates under low head conditions. Compared with common centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps can convey 3-4 times more fluid than common centrifugal pumps under roughly the same head conditions. |
| Application | Axial flow pumps are used in municipal sewage treatment, farm irrigation, reservoir drainage and other scenarios that require high flow and low head, and are also widely used in chemical and metallurgical industries to transport fluids containing solid particles. |
3. Mixed Flow Pump
How A Mixed Flow Pump Work?
A mixed-flow pump is a combination of an axial-flow pump and a centrifugal pump, with an inclined impeller.
When the impeller rotates, some of the fluid flows in the direction of the pump shaft, while the other part flows around the impeller under the action of centrifugal force.
| Overview | |
| Features | Mixed-flow pumps combine the advantages of axial flow pumps and centrifugal pumps, and make up for the shortcomings of both. So that the mixed flow pump not only has a high flow rate and medium head characteristics. Mixed flow pumps generally have a head between 3-30 meters, which makes the application scenario of mixed flow pumps even wider. |
| Application | Mixed flow pumps can be used in agricultural irrigation, power plant cooling circulating water, water treatment industry, chemical industry and so on. |
4. Peripheral Pump / Turbine Pump
How Peripheral Pump Work?
Peripheral pumps and turbine pumps belong to a kind of centrifugal pumps, from the inlet suction fluid through the impeller rotation to make the fluid pressurization, and then discharged from the outlet.
Peripheral and turbine pumps are generally used as auxiliary pumps to the main pumps in a conveying system, for conveying fluid additives, etc. that are necessary for production or work.
| Overview | |
| Features | Peripheral pumps have the advantages of auxiliary, wide application and high efficiency, which can help the main pump to be more stable and significantly improve the working efficiency of the main pump. |
| Application | Peripheral pumps are mainly used in power plants for coolant transfer, chemical plants for transferring production media, and water treatment to maintain the stability of the water flow and other scenarios. |
5. Jet Pump
How Jet Pump Work?
Jet pumps are pumps that utilize the principles of fluid mechanics to transport gases, fluids, or gas-solid-liquid mixtures.
High-pressure fluid enters the pump body from the inlet, so that a low-pressure zone is formed near the high-pressure fluid. Under the low-pressure effect, other fluids are sucked into the pump together, and different fluids are mixed in the mixing chamber.
At this point, the mixed fluid flow rate slows down, the pressure gradually rises, and finally discharged from the outlet pipe.
| Overview | |
| Features | Simple structure, reliable work, self-priming ability, no leakage. |
| Application | Sewage treatment, chemical industry, drainage systems, oil wells, mines, etc. |
6. Fire Hydrant Systems
How Fire Hydrant Pump Work？
The pump for hydrant system belongs to centrifugal pump, which utilizes the principle of centrifugal force to increase the pressure and flow rate to the water source to ensure the stable work of hydrant and sprinkler system.
| Overview | |
| Features | Hydrant pumps are small, stable and reliable, and can be used with multi-stage centrifugal pumps to increase water pressure as needed. |
| Application | Fire hydrant system pumps can be used in high-rise buildings, streets, factories, houses and other places where hydrant systems are needed. |
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP TYPES
Positive displacement pumps mainly rely on the pump piston, gears, lobe, diaphragm and other pump parts in the pump reciprocating motion, so that the pump volume cyclic changes, so as to suction and discharge fluid.
1. Piston Pumps
How A Piston Pump Work?
Piston pump relies on the piston in the pump chamber, the compression, release of the cyclical movement, the mechanical energy of the piston into the fluid pressure energy, to inhale and discharge fluid.
| Overview | |
| Features | The piston pump can output a stable flow rate under high pressure, and the flow rate can be adjusted according to the stroke length of the piston pump, which is highly adaptable. |
| Application | Piston pumps can handle fluids of different mediums and viscosities, and are usually used in petrochemical, mining and metallurgy, or in scenarios where precise output of fluid flow is required. |
2. Plunger Pump
How A Plunger Pump Work?
Plunger pumps mainly rely on the reciprocating movement of the plunger in the pump body to inhale and discharge fluid.
When the plunger moves in one direction, the pump volume increases and the pressure in the pump chamber decreases, at which time the valve at the inlet opens and the fluid is sucked into the pump body.
When the plunger reaches the apex, it moves in the opposite direction, at which time the pressure in the pump chamber increases, the inlet valve closes, the outlet valve opens, and the fluid is discharged from the outlet.
| Overview | |
| Features | Plunger pumps have the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency and adjustable flow rate. |
| Application | Plunger pumps can be widely used in high-pressure, high-flow and flow rate needs to be adjusted working conditions, such as oil, slurry transfer, chemical addition, spraying and other industries. |
3. Diaphragm Pumps
How A Diaphragm Pump Work?
Diaphragm pumps use connecting rods, pneumatic devices or hydraulic devices to drive the flexible diaphragm in the pump body to carry out linear reciprocating motion, the diaphragm moves periodically so that the volume of the pump cavity changes, thus generating pressure to inhale and discharge the flow body.
When the diaphragm moves to one side, the valve at the suction port opens and fluid enters the pump. When moved to the other side, the valve at the outlet opens and the fluid is pressurized and discharged.
| Overview | |
| Features | Capable of conveying high viscosity fluids such as mud. Simple structure, low maintenance cost. Adjustable flow rate, strong adaptability. |
| Application | Diaphragm pumps can be used in the chemical industry, sewage treatment, mining, paint and other industries that need to transport high-viscosity, solid particles fluid. |
4. Gear Pumps
How Gear Pump Work?
Gear pump through the pump body of the two meshing gears will suction chamber and discharge chamber separated, when the gears rotate, the mesh area of the fluid by the two gears before the gap to the discharge chamber, the gears through the reciprocating motion to suction and discharge of fluid.
| Overview | |
| Features | Simple structure, long working life, uniform and controllable flow, high pressure resistance, and strong adaptability. |
| Application | Gear pumps have stable efficiency and are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries and other working scenarios that require stable flow and pressure. |
5. Screw Pump
How Screw Pump Work?
Screw pumps are similar to gear pumps in that there are two intermeshing screws that separate the suction chamber from the discharge chamber.
Through the movement of the screw, the volume of the suction chamber in the meshing area increases and the pressure decreases. In the low-pressure state, the fluid is sucked into the pump body, and under the movement of the screw, the fluid is gradually pushed to the discharge chamber in the gap between the screws and discharged from the outlet.
| Overview | |
| Features | Self-absorption ability, low noise and vibration, long working life and wide adaptability. |
| Application | Widely used in hydraulic systems of ships, elevators, machine tools, etc. It can also be used in chemical and food industries to convey scenarios containing soft suspended particles. |
6. Peristaltic Pumps
How Peristaltic Pump Work?
Peristaltic pump with drive and flexible pump hose, through the pump drive on the roller rotation, pressure in the hose to move the liquid to the outlet.
In the position where the roller separates from the hose, the shape of the hose is automatically restored, and the liquid is continuously discharged through the cyclic movement of the pump drive.
| Overview | |
| Features | Non-polluting transportation, the fluid will not contact the pump body, only contact with the hose. It can accurately control the flow rate, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant. |
| Application | Peristaltic pumps can be used in experiments, medical, production line filling and other work scenarios. |
7. Lobe Pumps
How Lobe Pump Work?
Lobe pumps have a rotor with multiple lobes inside, the rotor drives the lobes to rotate to draw in and discharge the fluid.
When the impeller turns to the inlet, the gap between the impeller and the pump body increases, and the fluid is sucked in. During rotation, the gap decreases and the pressure increases.
As the impeller rotates to the outlet, the pressurized fluid is pushed out of the outlet by the impeller.
| Overview | |
| Features | Lobe pumps can output a stable and adjustable flow rate, easy maintenance, high efficiency and low noise. |
| Application | Lobe pumps can be used in chemical and petroleum, water treatment, pharmaceutical and other industries to transport fluids with viscous and solid particles. |
Conclusion
No matter what type of pump, the pumping process is the process of energy conversion, through the energy conversion to make the fluid move, so as to improve the efficiency of our work through the pump, if you still have more questions on the model of the pump, please feel free to contact us.
Frequently Asked Questions
Dynamic Pumps VS Positive Displacement Pumps
| Features | Dynamic Pump | Positive Displacement Pump |
| Working Principle | Impeller rotation generates centrifugal force to push fluid movement | Mechanical movement causes the pump volume to change to move the fluid |
| Flow Rate | Suitable for high flow rates | Suitable for low flow rates |
| Pressure Versus Flow Rate | Pressure and flow rate are inversely proportional (except for special conditions) | Constant flow, does not vary with pressure |
| Fluid Type | Suitable for low to medium viscosity fluids | Suitable for highly viscous or poorly flowing fluids |
| Application | Suitable for high-flow conveying scenarios, such as mines, dredging, reservoirs, etc. | Suitable for fluid transportation that requires precise flow and high pressure, such as petrochemical, medical, etc. |
Which Is The Most Commonly Used Industrial Pump?
The most used in industrial scenarios are centrifugal pumps, which are simple and relatively easy to maintain. It is also the most adaptable, and centrifugal pumps can stably transport both clear water and fluids containing solid particles.
